Background. Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of great impact and worldwide distribution due to which it appears in an isolated way or in outbreaks, it is common in tropical areas and presents consequences for the health of people, coming to cause including death. This is a febrile illness, caused by bacteria of the genre Leptospira spp infects wild and domestic animals but nevertheless the man it can become infected in contact with contaminated water, urine of these animals and variety of factors as they are exposed throughout the article. Methods. the objective is done a bibliographic review in different databases and languages of the multiple associated epidemiological risk factors to present Leptospira infection, both internationally as a national, including they mean the most outstanding and with a level of significance, some factors of housing and contact with rodents also of different occupations like agriculture. Conclusions. It was found that there are multiple sociodemographic and epidemiological factors associated with Leptospira infection, oriented towards men, perhaps due to the occupational risk, in addition to the rural area origin in Colombia.