The world population, in the XXI century, faces its biggest challenge: climate change. Sustainability, preservation, development and resilience structure the way in the search for adaptation and mitigation against climate change This academic and research text aims to analyze the problems generated by climate change, as well as the search for adaptation and mitigation against this from the organization of resilient communities. The article addresses the causes and effects of climate change worldwide and especially in the Central and South American region, with particularity in Colombia, and how resilient communities can adapt and mitigate the effects of climate change, preserving the biodiversity of the region. planet, taking care of natural resources and efficiently managing urban and rural areas.