The article discusses the strategic initiative of China, "One Belt, One Road" (OBOR), aimed at creating a new model of international economic cooperation. This megaproject, except establishment of new and modernization of centuries-old trade routes for the direct supply of goods from China through Eurasia to Europe and Africa, is aimed at the cardinal improvement of transport, logistics, energy and telecommunications infrastructure, which requires a fundamentally different level of coordination in the field of macroeconomic policies of states, readiness to reduce trade barriers and build more open contacts between people. "The new Silk Road of China" provides a new vector to a single Eurasian economic space, in which China expects to receive a system-forming role. In essence, this multi-purpose project leads to the practical testing of a new model of globalization, and at the same time inevitably generates a completely different context of anthropogenic impact on the environment, including environmental impact, and providing huge social, cultural, economic, institutional multi-level impacts. An example of this is the situation in the transboundary basin of the Amur River. The conservation value of the Amur ecoregion is selectively represented here; the differences in the transport accessibility of the border administrative facilities of the three countries are shown in comparative terms, the most likely options for the formation and development of infrastructure projects are discussed, the necessary restrictions as the conditions for ensuring the nature conservation values of the territory are discussed.