Since the 1970s, the implementation of neoliberal policies has hit different spheres of social life. Therefore, defining neoliberalism as a form of political rationality is useful to understand its various manifestations and effects, as well as the different types of resistance against it. This article makes a conceptual proposal from a neo-Gramscian framework in international relations, which makes it possible to understand the resistances against neoliberalism as diverse local and global practices that challenge the established order and question its hegemonic character. All this in a process of social change that includes both individual and global experiences, which converge in the so-called "alter-globalization movement". For such purpose, the article follows this structure: first section characterizes neoliberalism as a form of political rationality, showing its effects beyond socio-economic dimensions. Second section conceptualizes resistance against it as described above. Third section analyses the alter-globalization movement understanding it is not a unified actor but a process of social change propped up by diversity. Finally, there is a series of conclusions that highlight the academic and political importance of this perspective.