This study estimates the electric energy production potential from municipal solid waste in Colombia. The Colombian municipalities of Pasto (Department of Nariño), Andes (Antioquia) and Guayatá (Boyacá) were selected as representative populations of the national context because of their socioeconomic and demographic features, as well as the public availability of their waste management plans. The technical characteristics of two conversion technologies were analyzed: incineration (thermal conversion) and anaerobic digestion (biological conversion). From a technical point of view, the results showed that anaerobic digestion is feasible in all three scenarios, while incineration is viable in Pasto and Andes.