This review article studies the Latin-America decentralization as a gradual process base on reforms of the Washington Consensus, which theoretical base is the Neo-institutional School, where the State was seen as the guarantor of the rules that guarantee the economic phases normal functioning. These policies had several goals: economic openness, foundation of independent institutions, decentralization, but each country developed this process in a different way: in some of them there existed a dependence on national transactions, some others agreed to debt without experimenting any growth; however, some nations took advantage of the process by increasing their own income, reflecting that the reforms could generated benefits.