Considering the complexity of the processes that surround the northern part of the Cauca department, as a region where illegal armed actors and social actors of great importance such as Afro-descendant, indigenous and peasant populations converge, this article aims to understand the way in which the productive transformations that took place around the gold extraction originated new local extractive forms. These forms of local neo-extractivism, supported by the notion of alternative modernities, allows us to explain how the Afro-descendant mining peasants —now gold entrepreneurs— make their living in a territory highly disputed by external actors. We will also analyze how these new extractivisms reconfigure economic and political relations in one of the strategic regions for the Colombian post-conflict.