In the present article the author establishes, defines, classifies and analyzes the factors that could be present in the Latin American peace process, based on the experience of the peace process in El Salvador and the Caguán, Colombia.Analyses about the phenomenon of the "failures" or "successes" of the peace process, and shows the necessity in Latin America to carry out peace negotiations that should search the transformation, preservation and eradication of the conflict looking for the peacebuilding.