With an approach inspired by Latin American cultural studies, post/decolonial feminist theory and intersectional theory, this article offers a theoretical analysis of the problem of the violence directed against women in the Mapuche indigenous communities. On that basis, it discusses a situation which has occurred in recent years in Chile, where the male aggressors defended themselves by appealing to the customary law of their society, which is protected by Code 169 of the ILO. It analyzes the discourse of tradition starting with the figure of the “Eco-spiritual Mapuche”, a representational regime which situates the problem of gender violence in the context of the multicultural society of Chile.