Background: with the increase in the rate of caesarean sections, more women experience long-term effects, because more than half develop a defect in the scar after a cesarean section.These defects are related to abnormal bleeding, dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain, subfertility and obstetric problems.Objective: evaluate by transvaginal ultrasound the post-caesarean scar in the lower uterine segment in non-pregnant patients and explore the possible factors involved in the healing of the caesarean, the development of scar defects and their association with gynecological symptoms.Study Design: descriptive study, with prospective collection.There were 15 questions about obstetric history and gynecological symptoms.Transvaginal ultrasound was performed on the participants and the following measures were taken: length, width and depth of the scar, residual myometrium (RM) and distance of the scar to the internal cervical os (ICO).If they presented scar defects, the appearance of the scar was described.Results: 140 patients were evaluated, between 18 and 45 years old with antecedent of cesarean section.126 scars (90%) were identified sonographically, 10 participants (7,9%) had double scars and 98 scars (73.1%) had some type of defect.Of the visible scars, 57 (4.9%) had a mild defect, 67 (49.2%) moderate and 12 (8.9%)severe.One hundred and seventeen scars (87.5%) had a RM >2.2 mm.Four factors presented association whit the presence of defect: more than one cesarean, effective cesarean, more than are scar and the distance of the scar to the internal cervical os (ICO).There was no statically significant relationship with the presence of defects and gynecological symptoms. Conclusion:Our results are similar to those reported in the literature.The RM and the percentage of RM are maintained as important factors in determining the healing of a cesarean.The distance of the scar to the (ICO) a protective factor for the formation of defects, as the elective cesarean is associated with anomalous scars.