Despite a fairly solid economic performance, and thus classification as a middle-income country, Colombia struggles with the legacies of uneven development. Macroeconomic success and the end of internal conflict have led many donors to plan exit strategies; however, with the new "fragile peace" and the impact of slow international economic recovery, Colombia has a unique opportunity to forge development partnerships to address its historic social and territorial deficits. This article suggests what partnerships might already be emerging, how principal actors could foster inclusive and sustainable development within the country and what Colombia's new role in South–South cooperation could be.