This article evaluates the incidence of contextual factors on the mathematical perfor­mance of basic high school students classified according to their performance (low or high), pursuant to 2012 PISA Test, controlled by the type of school. Application of hierarchical linear models to mathematical results in 2012 PISA Test allows conclud­ing that school environment and family exercise a high influence on the academic performance of basic high school students in Colombia. Likewise, it has been found that the school environment has a stronger influence at independent private schools in the high-performance group; family environment has a stronger influence in public schools and leased private schools in the low-performance group.