<p><span><span>The lace bug, <em>Corythucha gossypii</em> (Fabricius) is a serious pest affecting over 24 wild and commercially important plant species of the families Annonaceae, Passiflorcae, Caricaceae, Euphorbiaceae, and Solanaceae. Thus far, commercial insecticides, such as 0.1% Dimethoate and 0.1% Imidacloprid have shown effectiveness against this insect, but no botanical pesticides are available to control this bug. In the present study, a <em>Rollinia mucosa</em> (Jacq.) Baillon ethanol extractwas evaluated as a biological control agent against the lace bug. Through a toxicity assay involving <em>Artemia salina</em>, the median lethal concentration (LC50) of a raw ethanol extract of <em>R. mucosa</em> seeds was determined, as well as that of its Acetogenin (F1) and Alkaloid (F2) fractions; these LC50 were 0.184, 0.082, and 0.0493 g/mL, respectively. In addition, with an insecticide assay on lace bug nymphs, a mortality percentage of 86.67% at 5 g/mL after 72h was observed. These data demonstrate that the <em>R. mucosa</em> seed extract is highly active. Further chemical characterization studies revealed that the main active metabolites contributing to extract activity were acetogenins and alkaloids. <br /></span></span></p>