Introduction: Anemia is common in children and is often not diagnosed. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence and interpretation of hemoglobin levels (Hb) in the population studied. Methods: All clinical histories of patients from 6 months to 5 years of age hospitalized and who underwent hemogram on HUSI, from January 1 to December 31, 2015, were evaluated. The population was characterized, the prevalence of anemia and the correct interpretation of Hb levels. Results: We analyzed 502 records. The prevalence of anemia was 54.3% and in 197 (39%) there was adequate interpretation. Conclusions: Anemia is frequent; the diagnosis should be optimized in children to improve the outcomes associated with the disease.