A search for the standard model Higgs boson is presented using events with two charged leptons and large missing transverse energy selected from $5.4\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of integrated luminosity in $p\overline{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=1.96\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$ collected with the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. No significant excess of events above background predictions is found, and observed (expected) upper limits at 95% confidence level on the rate of Higgs boson production are derived that are a factor of 1.55 (1.36) above the predicted standard model cross section at ${m}_{H}=165\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$.