This article examines the ways in which distinct approaches to security influence Latin America and Southern Cone interpretations of this problem, while highlighting that at present the realist, state-centric view competes with an approach based upon cooperation and reciprocal commitments. In turn, different conceptions of defense and national interest in Latin America are analyzed, in which the military has played a central role. Finally, a series of hypothetical regional scenarios for the region are developed based upon the different approaches discussed.