The absorption capacity allows companies improve acquisition conditions, assimilation and knowledge exploration. This articles analyses the fundamentals, history and relevant trends in absorption capacity. To achieve this, a systematic literature review process was done, starting with theoretical and empirical international publications identifying the most influential works from a diffusion and applicability point of view. Afterwards, the point of divergence and the limitations that the creation of a new knowledge in this field has where identified. The revision shows that the absorption capacity has a strategic value for the competitiveness and value creation of businesses.