Pediatric cancer refers to a group of cancers affecting children between 0-14 years of age (or, when adolescents are included in this classification, between 0-19 years old).Current incidence rates are low, ranging from 50 to 200 cases per million per year, depending on the country (1).However, with the advances in the control of communicable diseases, pediatric cancer is gaining importance as a childhood illness.The International Classification of Childhood Cancer (ICCC) (2) lists 12 main categories of cancers.Leukemia and lymphoma are the most common types in the world, followed by brain and other central nervous system tumors (1).In high-income countries (HICs), overall pediatric cancer five-year survival rates are 80% or higher (1).For lymphoblastic leukemia, five-year survival exceeds 90% in countries such as the United States and Germany (3, 4).These outcomes are the reason why pediatric cancer control in these countries can be considered a "success story" (1) and a marker of their high-quality health services.Survival data for low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) are not widely available, but the estimates suggest more modest results compared to HICs (1, 5).The results are highly heterogeneous among LMICs, including five-year survival rates that range from 5% to 60% (4).The gap in survival between HICs and LMICs emerges from differences in available treatments; health resources; infrastructure; early detection; clinical support, and follow-up; and coexisting malnutrition and communicable diseases (5, 6).One strategy that LMICs could adopt to deal with some of these issues is to strengthen their pediatric cancer registration mechanisms to cover the totality (or at least a significant percentage) of pediatric cancer cases within their borders.Reports published by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2002 and 2011 stress that population-based cancer registries are a key feature of national cancer programs (7, 8).In line with that, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) Policy on Research for Health (2009) underscores the need to develop registries in Latin America (9).Expanding pediatric cancer registration in Latin America could serve to better inform national policies.It would also allow for more thorough regional and international comparisons, helping to identify unjustified variations in treatment response and survival.Latin American countries need to strengthen their cancer registration mechanisms to meet good-quality criteria for completeness, coverage, and timeliness of data (10-13).Cancer registration-for both adult and