This declaration, signed by an interdisciplinary task force of 234 experts from 83 different countries with different backgrounds, highlights the threat posed by antimicrobial resistance and the need for appropriate use of antibiotic agents and antifungal agents in hospitals worldwide especially focusing on surgical infections.As such, it is our intent to raise awareness among healthcare workers and improve antimicrobial prescribing.To facilitate its dissemination, the declaration was translated in different languages.A ntimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as one of the principal public health problems of the 21st century.This has resulted in a public health crisis of international concern, which threatens the practice of modern medicine, animal health, and food security.The substantial problem of AMR is especially relevant to antibiotic resistance (ABR), although antifungal resistance is increasing at an alarming rate.Although the phenomenon of ABR can be attributed to many factors, there is a well-established relationship between antibiotic prescribing practices and the emergence of resistant bacteria.This declaration, signed by an interdisciplinary task force of 234 experts from 83 different countries with different backgrounds, highlights the threat posed by AMR and the need for appropriate use of antibiotic agents and antifungal agents in hospitals worldwide especially focusing on surgical infections.