This chapter presents the fruit, Andean berry (Vaccinium meridionale Swartz), with respect to its phytochemical content and the changes that occur due to ripening, storage, and processing into other edible forms of the fruit. In addition, it reports the findings on its biological activity, and considers research efforts into its consumption factors and human health benefits. The species of Vaccinium are being recognized as rich in phenolic compounds, particularly anthocyanins, whose phenolic structure is responsible for their antioxidant activity. This fruit possesses great marketing potential as a nutraceutical food or as fresh fruit; and it is a source of anthocyanins, natural antioxidants, and natural colors. These features make this berry a promising product for the development of the Andean agribusiness. This has motivated the study of the fruit's biological activity in the prevention of diseases associated with oxidative stress such as skin aging, cancer, and cardiovascular disease.