We present the measurement of the absolute branching fractions of ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{X}_{c\overline{c}}{K}^{+}$ and ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{D}}^{(*)0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ decays, using a data sample of $772\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}\text{ }\text{ }B\overline{B}$ pairs collected at the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(4S)$ resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider. Here, ${X}_{c\overline{c}}$ denotes ${\ensuremath{\eta}}_{c}$, $J/\ensuremath{\psi}$, ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{c0}$, ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{c1}$, ${\ensuremath{\eta}}_{c}(2S)$, $\ensuremath{\psi}(2S)$, $\ensuremath{\psi}(3770)$, $X(3872)$, and $X(3915)$. We do not observe significant signals for $X(3872)$ or $X(3915)$ and set the 90% confidence level upper limits at $\mathcal{B}({B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}X(3872){K}^{+})<2.6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ and $\mathcal{B}({B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}X(3915){K}^{+})<\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}2.8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$. These represent the most stringent upper limit for $\mathcal{B}({B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}X(3872){K}^{+})$ to date and the first limit for $\mathcal{B}({B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}X(3915){K}^{+})$. The measured branching fractions for ${\ensuremath{\eta}}_{c}$ and ${\ensuremath{\eta}}_{c}(2S)$ are the most precise to date, $\mathcal{B}({B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\eta}}_{c}{K}^{+})=(12.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.7)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ and $\mathcal{B}({B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\eta}}_{c}(2S){K}^{+})=(4.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$, where the first and second uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively.