Current antiretroviral therapies for HIV-1 are not curative because a small number of CD4þ T-cells remain infected with a latent, replication-competent provirus that contributes to viral rebound after the cessation of therapy.Several approaches to purge persistent HIV-1 reservoirs are in the beginning phases of clinical trials.To ensure future curative therapies target replication-competent HIV-1 proviruses for eradication, a thorough understanding of the distribution of replication-competent HIV-1 within T-cell subsets and how activation and proliferation of these cells contribute to the maintenance of the replicationcompetent HIV-1 reservoir is required.This study will employ a full-length single-proviral sequencing assay based on Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) techniques to sequence the entire HIV-1 genome of proviruses isolated from CD4þ T-cell subsets (central, transitional, and effector) sorted from peripheral blood and lymphoid tissue after 5-15 years of suppressive therapy from two groups of participants (1) three participants who initiated therapy during acute/early infection and (2) three participants who initiated therapy during chronic infection.Replication-competent proviruses will be identified by the absence of deletions and APOBEC3G induced hypermutation.The infection rates of replication-competent proviruses located in specific cell populations between participants will be compared along with the frequencies of replication-competent proviruses between different T-cell populations and within tissuederived cells from these participants.This important study will allow us to determine whether specific cellular compartments harbour replication-competent HIV-1 and will provide valuable information for future curative HIV-1 clinical trials.