Attentional processes and mechanisms of memory are the main neuropsychological functions that support the learning processes.Their functioning must be the focus of study in the Neurodidactic domain.The application of appropriate strategies and methodologies, based on the knowledge of the neural systems involved in all these processes, leads to promote and improve the acquisition of knowledge in the academic field.This article reviews the main studies and methodological strategies that can be applied in classroom to increase academic performance and optimize learning processes.