We present a palynologic study of El Triunfo wetland (4°58′54.5″N and 75°19′55.8″W), located at 3834 m a.s.l. in the Central Cordillera of Colombia. Pollen and spores record, which spans for the past ~1930 yr BP, shows that Páramo vegetation has been dominated by Poaceae, Asteraceae, Lycopodiaceae, and Ericaceae. The sub-Andean forest is characterized by Urticaceae and Acalypha (Euphorbiaceae), while the Andean forest by Quercus (Fagaceae), Hedyosmum (Chloranthaceae), and Weinmannia (Cunoniaceae). We observed that aquatic vegetation pollen such as Cyperaceae were abundant, indicating marsh conditions in most of the record. Cold and warm periods, inferred from Páramo and Andean forest elements, respectively, reveal that the warmest periods were registered at ~1000 cal. yr BP (~AD 1016) ('Medieval Climatic Optimum') and in the last century, whereas the coldest ones around 1200 cal. yr BP (AD 831) and 650–150 cal. yr BP (AD 1368–1750) ('Little Ice Age'). The pollen signal suggests that warm periods were dry and cold periods were wet. A comparison of these results with some localities of northwestern Colombia, the Caribbean, and South America was made, displaying variations that reflect regional and/or global climatic phenomena such as Intertropical Convergence Zone and the El Niño Southern Oscillation. In the past 50 years, the decrease in Quercus, Weinmannia and Clusia recovery and the increase in Rumex, Plantago, and Gunnera may reflect human impact derived from livestock, agriculture, and/or firewood. Volcanic events of variable magnitude have been identified with an apparent minimal effect on vegetation, reaching a maximum variation of about 10–15% between the beginning and the end of a volcanic event.