Although infrequent, bowel interposition between diaphragm and liver, Chilaiditi's sign or syndrome (without or with gastrointestinal symptoms), are a major clinical condition given the possibilities of differential diagnosis, such as pneumoperitoneum, diaphragmatic hernia and subphrenic abscess.Objective: To report the cases of two preschool patients with Chilaiditi´s sign and syndrome, as well as to highlight the importance of this clinical condition.Clinical cases: Case 1: A male preschooler evaluated by respiratory disease without abdominal symptoms.Thorax X-ray shows left retrocardiac infiltrates and air in right subdiaphragmatic region.Previous radiographies shows the same image.He was diagnosed with Chilaiditi sign associated with pneumonia, antibiotics were used before discharge.Case 2: A female preschooler, evaluated by abdominal distention and constipation.A previous thorax X-ray shows bowel interposition between diaphragm and liver.Barium enema confirmed the findings.Blood test were normal.A Chilaiditi's syndrome was diagnosed.She received medical treatment with favorable evolution.Conclusion: These cases highlight the importance of this clinical condition that, despite being infrequent, constitutes a diagnostic challenge in the emergency services.