The Colombian mining has acquired an important role in the economy of the country. Despite its relevancy, environmental and social impacts are not insignificant, on the contrary, the scope of this deterioration has demanded the adoption of public policies to counteract it. The country is lagging behind in Latin America in environmental policy, particularly as regards manage of so called mining environmental liabilities and abandoned, inactive, paralyzed or orphaned mine closure requiring measures to mitigate them or remedy them, in addition to the management of risks of effects both current and future. For a suitable management of these liabilities, it is convenient the design and application of a risk matrix incorporating good mining practices in order to mitigate and prevent further damage to socio-environmental surroundings.