Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor among women of reproductive age and is also the most costly according to European reports.In this context, the aim of the present review is to identify factors that make breast cancer in premenopausal women an epidemiological challenge in developing countries.Epidemiological aspects of breast cancer, including risk factors, early detection methods, and treatment, are addressed.Breast cancer in premenopausal women should be included in the political and strategic agendas in developing countries to direct the necessary resources for prevention, detection, and control.