Currently, mining is considered as one of the most important economic activities of Colombia. This article presents the result of an investigation carried out in the municipality of Sogamoso (Boyacá department), on the development of illegal mining, its causes and economic, social and environmental consequences. For this study and in order to make a strategic assessment of the illegal mining industry in Sogamoso, were taken as reference illegal mines located in the villages of Pedregal and Morca, which showed considerably the performance of mining by local farmers region. Having identified the mines, mining impact assessed, environmental, sociocultural and economic. Bearing in mind this assessment, we designed business strategies, which include training on regulations and the process of legalization of small-scale mining, the strategy of associativity for the product marketing and formulation of projects for replacing this activity.