Objective: There has been little description of the phenomenon of homelessness from a broad perspective. Thus, this study describes the material living conditions associated with this phenomenon. Methodology: Participant observation and creation of semi-structured interviews to four homeless individuals selected based on a convenience sample. Audio recordings of the associated conditions and systematization using Atlas Ti software. Results: Three intermediary and two structural determinants were identified, from which the basic theoretical elements were conceptualized about in order to include in a public policy of protection and risk management associated with this phenomenon. The impact achieved in social protection public policy in Bogotá and its future challenges are discussed. Conclusions: Although homelessness is a complex and multi-determined phenomenon, the theoretical and methodological elements of the social determination of health and urban health are promising in the search for intervention and prevention strategies.