In 2009, a bacterial blight was observed in a greenhouse at CIAT headquarters, attacking plants of Brachiaria humidicola.Because Brachiaria grasses are grown as pastures throughout South America, this new disease could, potentially, have significant economic implications.Symptoms included chlorotic streaks, necrosis, and yellowing of flag-leaf margins.Isolates cultured onto King's B medium were cream-colored, producing a yellow, diffusible, non-fluorescent pigment.For molecular identification, the 16S rDNA gene was amplified from all isolates, using primers 27f and 1525R, and obtaining a PCR product of 1500 bp.The nucleotide sequences were 99% identical to those of GenBank accession no.CP009435.1 and other entries of Burkholderia glumae.To confirm pathogenicity, 10 plants were inoculated by injection with bacterial suspensions at 10 8 cfu/mL for each of nine genotypes: B. decumbens CIAT 606; B. brizantha cv.Marandu; B. brizantha cv.Toledo; B. ruziziensis CIAT 4402; CIAT 36061 cv.Mulato I, CIAT 36062, CIAT 36087 cv.Mulato II, BR02/1752, and BR02/1794