Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease with unknown etiology that affects the central nervous system (CNS). It is an otoneurological disease because some patients present the first signs of this disease in the areas of hearing and balance. The presence of positional nystagmus, according to some authors, can occur in half of 30% of the patients with MS. The spontaneous and semi-spontaneous, unidirectional, bidirectional, or multiple nystagmuses are signs of the disease. Dysfunctions of the vestibular system and of its central connections, as well as lesions in the encephalic trunk, can be revealed by the videonystagmography because it is the method with most sensibility to detect alterations in these structures in patients with MS.