To determine the factors associated with the development of infectious complications in patients undergoing prostatectomy for benign or malignant prostatic disease in Hospital Universitario Mayor. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between 2012 and 2013 on 866 patients subjected to prostate surgery. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using logistic regression analysis of perioperative variables using the statistical analysis program Wizard for Mac. A total of 284 patients (32.7%) received preoperative prophylaxis, and 167 (19.3%) patients had permanent urinary catheter. There were 89 (10%) patients with Diabetes Mellitus. Complications were identified in 149 (17.2%) patients, and among these, 59 (65.5%) had a urinary infection, 21 (23.3%) patients had orchiepididymitis, and 10 (11.1%) had a surgical wound infection. In the bivariate analysis the presence of diabetes mellitus was significantly associated with the development of UTI, OR 2.04, p = 0.025. The presence of asymptomatic bacteriuria was associated with the development of vesicocutaneous fistula (p = 0.00, OR 1.91), and the occurrence of surgical wound infection (p = 0.004, OR 12.6). It was found that failure to use preoperative prophylactic antibiotics is associated with the formation of vesicocutaneous fistula (OR 0048, p = 0.04). Diabetes mellitus patients are at increased risk of infectious complications, such as urinary tract infection or orchiepididymitis. The presence of asymptomatic bacteriuria is associated with a higher frequency of surgical wound infection. There was no relationship between patients with permanent urinary catheter use and the development of infectious complications. Determinar los factores asociados a complicaciones infecciosas postoperatorias en pacientes sometidos a cirugía de próstata por enfermedad benigna y maligna en el Hospital Universitario Mayor. Estudio descriptivo tipo transversal. Se incluyó a 866 pacientes intervenidos por enfermedad prostática benigna y maligna entre el año 2012 y el año 2013 en el Hospital Universitario Mayor. Se realizó un análisis estratificado y multivariado por medio de regresión logística con el programa SPSS statistics V20. La prevalencia de bacteriuria asintomática fue del 21%; 284 pacientes (32,7%) recibieron tratamiento antibiótico días previos a la cirugía. Los portadores de sonda en el estudio fueron 167 pacientes (19,3%) y los pacientes con diabetes mellitus 89 (10%). Se identificó a 19 pacientes (12,6%) con complicaciones; dentro de ellas 85 pacientes presentaron infección del tracto genitourinario y 10 (11,1%) pacientes tuvieron infección de herida quirúrgica. En el análisis bivariado se evidenció asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la presencia de diabetes mellitus y el desarrollo de infección del tracto genitourinario en menores de 65 años sometidos a RTU (p = 0,025; OR: 2,04). La diabetes tipo 2 no representa diferencias estadísticamente significativas para el desarrollo de complicaciones infecciosas en el postoperatorio.
