Conditioners decrease ammonia levels in housings due the reduction of the bacterial activity in the litter and because they link to the ammonia, inhibiting its volatilization. Composting can inactive virus and bacteria in carcasses and broiler litters. High ammonia concentrations decrease the growth rate and the alimentary efficiency, cause damages to the respiratory tract and increase the susceptibility to the diseases. pH and bacterial population reduction can be beneficial to the bird performance. This literature review was carried out to analyze the effects of the poultry litter treatment on the performance, carcass lesions, and poultry litter quality.