Musculoskeletal trauma includes injuries affecting the pelvis, upper and lower limbs.These injuries occur in a large number of multiply-injured patients and, as such, are often underestimated, incorrectly treated, and occasionally undiagnosed.This leads to increased morbidity, mortality, and permanent dyes function of the affected limb.Herein, the authors discuss the most common injuries and those that cause life threat or limb loss, intending to schematize the first aid to extremity trauma in the Emergency Room (ER).Although, the definitive treatment of fractures and joint injuries is managed by the orthopedist, the first steps properly taken by the emergency physician are essential for an accurate prognosis and appropriate triage.