This work seeks to illustrate the need to perceive the importance of reparation as a right of victims and as an obligation of States. Thus, the author prepared a document that is easy to understand, based on the classic conceptions of person, institutions and mechanisms, and their contribution to the formation of robust protection structures that resulted in the realization of rights to be enforced by states. Similarly, the book allows to clearly determine the sources of law that provides the obligation to repair and the case law development that has taken place in different human rights protection systems. Finally, the author proposes actions to increase effectiveness in the fulfillment of the obligation to repair.