Background: In Paraguay, little is known about the Afro-descendant population. It is important to know about their nutritional status, mainly in childhood, to guide appropriate action. Objective: To determine the nutritional profile of children under five years from the African descendants’ communities in Paraguay and its associated factors. Material and methods: A cross-sectional and observational design with analytical component was developed. It involved healthy male and female children under five years old, with at least one African descendant as immediate family. Dietary habits and nutritional status (WHO criteria) were assessed. WHO Anthro and SPSS 16.0 software were used. Results: 150 children were included. The median of age was 26.9 months (1.2-59.9 m), and 50.7% were males. The median maternal age was 28.3 years (16-49 years). Children with Exclusive Breast Feeding (EBF, n=119) had a mean duration of 3.5±1.8 months (1-7m). 26.9% were exclusively breastfed during six months. The starting of complementary feeding was on average 5.2 months. The underweight prevalence (UW, zP/E <- 2SD) was 7.3% (n=11). The acute malnutrition (AM, zP/T <-2 SD) was 1.3% (n=2). The chronic malnutrition prevalence (CM, zT/E <-2SD) was 12% (n=18) and the obesity prevalence was 6.7% (n=10). There was no association of nutritional status by sex and age of children, residence area, maternal education or EBF time (p>0.05). Children with UW had a lower average of age of onset of complementary feeding (1.7 vs 4.9 months, p˂0.0001) compare with their pairs without malnutrition. Conclusion: Chronic malnutrition was the most prevalent chronic disease affecting over 1 in 10 children. Early initiation of complementary feeding could be a risk factor for malnutrition.