This paper shows the mathematical modeling of heat and mass transfer in transient state of cylindrical bars of low carbon steel subjected to carburizing process. The model solution for the two phenomena was performed using a one-dimensional analysis in the radius direction, using the numerical method of finite differences; also a sensitivity analysis by varying the coefficient of convective heat transfer (h) is performed. The modeling results show that this carburization steel is strongly dependent on h. These results suggest that if it can increase the value of h in this kind of process could reduce the time of process for this heat treatment. Additionally, an experimental procedure was established by carburization of a steel AISI SAE 1010, which develops cementing solid phase and the specimen steel and micrographic hardness profiles obtained from samples of the specimen analysis was performed, to determine the penetration depth of the carbon and validate this result over the values obtained by the computer model.