Objective. Establish the prevalence of amblyopia in school children from Pereira-Colombia, 2014.Methodology. A cross-sectional study in a population of 5 years of primary basic public institutions Pereira. 474 individuals were included 8 institutions for the selection of the population a complex cluster sample stratified two-stage sampling was performed. Optometric tests for the diagnosis of amblyopia were performed.Results. The prevalence of amblyopia was 8.1% (95% CI 5.3 to 10.9) for school children between 5 and 14 years, there was no difference between men and women. Differences were found according to the health system affiliation (p <0.05). The prevalence of amblyopia in Pereira school population was higher than that reported in different parts of the world. Clinical risk factors such as refractive errors, and severity of these, photometry and social factors were evaluated, which is important for diagnosis, management and prognosis of amblyopia.