In this volume they analyze the situation on the Iberian Peninsula, where the defeat of the French allowed Fernando VII to return to the throne; the reaction in Nueva Granada through the formation of autonomous juntas, difficulties in maintaining the Republic; strategies for territorial recognition; the occupation by the Spanish Army, and the leading figure of Pablo Morillo. A second set of texts alludes to the restoration of the monarchy in Cartagena, Antioquia, the Center (Bogotá, Boyacá, and Santander), and the Southwest (Pasto, Popayán, and Cali). The remaining works describe the lives and accomplishments of both preeminent but also unknown (women, Indian, Black, and foreign) Republican martyrs, with particular emphasis on Policarpa Salavarrieta, Camilo Torres, Jorge Tadeo Lozano, and Francisco José de Caldas.