In this chapter sugarcane bagasse may be submitted to a biological route in which the technologies used to obtain lignocellulosic ethanol (2nd generation ethanol) from lignocellulosic materials involve pre-treatment and the hydrolysis of the polysaccharides in the biomass into fermentable sugars for subsequent fermentation. Taking into consideration the use of sugarcane bagasse as a raw material for 2nd generation ethanol, the acid hydrolysis / pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse could be more feasible that others, and must be evaluated in this context. On the other hand, from biomass is possible to obtain products with high added value and energy, mainly by the use of thermochemical processes (e.g. pyrolysis and gasification) and biochemical processes (e.g., fermentation and anaerobic digestion). However, the products obtained from the thermochemical processes can be used as raw material for biochemical processes which multiplies the quantity of products to be obtained from biomass.