The chemical study of Roldana platanifolia led to the isolation of b-caryophyllene, five eremophilanolides, chlorogenic acid, and a mixture of b-sitosterol-stigmasterol, b-sitosteryl glucopyranoside, and sucrose.The anti-inflammatory activities of the extracts and isolated products were tested using the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) model of induced acute inflammation.The acetone and methanol extracts showed dose dependent activities (ID50 0.21 and 0.32 mg/ear, respectively), while none of the isolated compounds exhibited relevant edema inhibition.The active extracts were also evaluated with the myeloperoxidase assay technique (MPO) to determine their ability to prevent neutrophil infiltration.Results showed that the anti-inflammatory activity was related to the compound's ability to inhibit pro-inflammatory mediators such as neutrophils.