This chapter describes some methodologies that have been applied to the analysis of georeferenced data by researchers working to enhance the efficiency and efficacy of the process of conservation and use of plant genetic resources. It discusses the different stages of the process, focusing on the data that are needed for, and generated by, each task. The chapter shows how the different kinds of georeferenced data can be analyzed to increase the efficiency of the following specific components of the conservation and use process: ecogeographic surveying, field exploration, ex situ conservation-seed storage and regeneration, management and monitoring of genetic reserves, evaluation, and use of genetic resources. It deals with a brief introduction to Geographic Information Systems. The chapter provides some examples of how georeferenced data can be used in the design, management and monitoring of areas where plant genetic resources are conserved in situ, either in genetic reserves or on-farm.