To understand key market access issues pertaining to reimbursement, HTA policies, guidelines, and ways to improve patient access for innovative oncologic products within Latin America (LA) in comparison to a developed market (Canada). A panel of opinion leaders and policy-makers from Brazil, Colombia, Argentina, Mexico, and Canada was convened to understand current challenges in health care, patient access, and reimbursement of high-cost oncologic products with a focus on NSCLC. In LA, patient access to biomarker testing in all cancers is limited, except for common biomarkers like HER2 in breast cancer. In Canada, there is no uniform coverage across provinces for diagnostic testing. In LA, there is an inconsistent and varied level of prioritization in public and private markets amongst various cancers (e.g. breast) for which access to high-cost oncologic agents is more likely. Specifically, NSCLC is not prioritized because of its perceived association with smoking and “poor prognosis”. It is unlikely in LA for expensive medications to be included in the standard benefit packages, and the review process can be lengthy for those that are included. Some patients may get access to some medications through filing a judicial claim against the government for individual drug cost reimbursement. Although various LA countries are witnessing evolution in some form, unlike in Canada, HTA does not have a substantial influence on payer decision-making on drug coverage. There was a consensus for enrolling more patients in clinical trials, development of regional/local clinical guidelines, and generating real-world and cost-effectiveness evidence to potentially improve reimbursement and shorten time to access to medications. Access to high-cost oncologic medications could be potentially improved through increased patient participation in clinical trials, generation of relevant guidelines and robust cost-effectiveness and evidence-based analyses, and implementation of risk-sharing agreements requiring innovative cancer care models.