Discrimination and quantification of the environmental and genetic components involved in developing multiple sclerosis (MS) have not been made. In order to discriminate these components we have ascertained affected individuals by MS belonging to the Paisa community from Antioquia, Colombia, a state localized in the tropical area of South America, to detect eventual linkage disequilibrium to HLA, locus DQ alpha, which could demonstrate the relevance of the genetic component.A contingence analysis among case-control HLA DQ alpha genotype distributions, by using Monte Carlo resampling method to solve small number sample, showed that there are significant differences between the two groups. We observe that HLA DQ alpha 1.1, 1.2 allele frequencies were higher in the cases than in the controls. Also, there was significant HLA DQ alpha 3 allele lower frequency (p < 0.05) in the cases than in the controls.Similar results have been described in other Caucasian populations living in non tropical areas. Before results could indicate that the Caucasoid populations genetic component implied in the susceptibility to MS have remained in Paisa community, whether the environmental component, being meaningful to develop MS.