Objectives. To determine the risk factors for arterial hypertension (HTN) in the adult resident population of the city of Cuenca, Ecuador. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional analytical study of adults selected via multistage random sampling who underwent clinical, anthropometric, and laboratory evaluations. The diagnosis of HTN was defined according to the JNC-7 criteria. A multiple logistic regression model was performed. Results. A total of 318 persons were included. The prevalence of HTN was 25.8% (males: 27.2% vs. females: 24.7%; p = 0.617). In the multiple logistic regression model, the risk factors for HTN were age > 60 years (OR, 8.68; 95% CI, 3.56–21.14; p < 0.001), obesity according to body mass index (OR, 2.36; 95% CI, 1.04–5.70; p = 0.042), high caloric intake (OR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.01– 4.53; p = 0.044), and family history of HTN (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.02–2.90; p = 0.040). Conclusions. The presence of HTN in this population is associated with both intrinsic and environmental factors, which should be considered in routine evaluations to ensure its early identification and control.