To identify and assess the diagnostic accuracy of screening tools used to detect chronic neuropathic pain (NeP) in patients with chronic diseases compared with the reference standard of clinical judgment. Methods: We performed a systematic review of the literature to identify and evaluate the discriminant characteristics of screening questionnaires chronic NeP in patients with a comparative clinical assessment. The search was performed on MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane library, and LILACS databases. Cohort studies, diagnostic tests accuracy studies, cross-sectional studies and randomized clinical trials (RCT) were included. Study selection and data extraction were accomplished by two independent researchers. A qualitative analysis was included comparing the sensitivity, specificity and receiver operator characteristics (ROC) across the various screening tools. Quantitative analyses were not conducted due to the high heterogeneity of the published studies