This article provides a critical review of authors who present conceptual fundamentals and principles to account for the endurance of farmers' production systems in a contemporary context. this respect, this study arises as an answer to the following question: In a globalized world, what factors allow for the endurance of farmers' production systems,to answer this question it was followed methodology is based on an analysis and synthesis of discourses of well-known academic authors, discussions with experts, sorting of subjects by relatedness, and identification of common characteristics of discourses? This study was carried out on two dimensions of analysis: farmers' economy worldwide and a look into the case of farmers' economy in Colombia. The review made it possible to conclude that, both in Colombia and on global level, farmers' economies are important for the production of good quality foods, preservation of genetic biodiversity, food supply in remote locations, and consolidation of local markets and cooperation networks in rural areas.