Epilepsy is a chronic cerebral disease, of heterogeneous etiology and location. The temporal lobule is the main place of focal epilepsy, having mesial sclerosis as the pathological substrate; multiple factors are involved, including the viruses. The purpose of this review is to learn viral physio-pathological mechanisms, and association of structural alterations in the mesial area of the temporal lobule as the epileptogenic focus, through search and collection of original articles, and review articles, un order to discuss the last findings made in various scientific data bases. This review describes that in epilepsy of temporal lobule caused by temporal mesial sclerosis, the VHH 6B virus is the one frequently implied, with 90% of seroprevalence. Notwithstanding, there are patients presenting mesial sclerosis with no background relating viral infections or any other pathology, which means that the cause of such injury is not fully established.