Parallel to the democratisation process of Spain which took place during the political transition (1975-1982), there were major changes in the status of sports in the country, in both the different administrations’ positions and in the reality of this phenomenon. This study focuses on analysing some of the most noteworthy initiatives in the neighbourhood and educational movements to promote school sports in the city of Barcelona during this period, as well as the role played by the administrations, particularly after 1979. Methodologically, this study has taken a hermeneutic approach via the analysis of primary and secondary sources. The actions of these agents helped to diminish the sport deficit which existed after the Franco dictatorship (1939-1975) through initiatives such as creating sports clubs at schools, the School Sports Council of Barcelona and sports introduction schools.