Taxonomic, nomenclatural and typification issues regarding Aristolochia chrysochlora Barb. Rodr., A. echinata Barb. Rodr. and A. silvatica Barb. Rodr. (Aristolochiaceae) are discussed. The lectotypes are designated based on the illustrations made by J. Barbosa Rodrigues, and published next to the corresponding protologues. Additionally, A. chrysochlora and A. echinata are subordinated to A. arcuata Mast., and A. tamnifolia (Klotzsch) Duch., respectively. We also designated the lectotypes for the latter two species.